Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, with two types standing out for their prevalence: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). These two non-melanoma skin cancers are similar in some ways but differ in their origins, presentation, risk factors, and treatment options. Understanding these differences is crucial, especially for early detection and effective treatment.
In this blog, we’ll explore the differences between BCC and SCC, their causes, symptoms, treatment options, and how mySkinDoc, the UK’s leading online dermatology clinic, can help you navigate your concerns about skin cancer.
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)?
Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 75-80% of non-melanoma skin cancers. BCC arises from the basal cells, which are found in the lowest layer of the epidermis (the outermost layer of skin). While BCC is rarely life-threatening, early detection is essential because it can cause significant local damage to the skin and surrounding tissues if left untreated.
Key Characteristics of BCC:
• Growth Rate: BCC is generally slow-growing, and it rarely spreads (metastasizes) to other parts of the body.
• Appearance: It can present as a pearly white or flesh-colored bump, a pinkish patch, or a lesion with a rolled edge. Over time, the lesion may ulcerate or bleed.
• Location: BCC most often appears on areas of the skin frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and arms. However, it can occur anywhere on the body.
• Risk Factors: Prolonged sun exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburn, and use of tanning beds increase the risk of developing BCC. Individuals with a weakened immune system or those who have previously had BCC are also at higher risk.
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer, responsible for around 20% of non-melanoma skin cancers. SCC arises from squamous cells, which are located in the upper layers of the epidermis. Unlike BCC, SCC has a higher potential to spread to other parts of the body, though this is still relatively uncommon if caught early.
Key Characteristics of SCC:
• Growth Rate: SCC tends to grow more rapidly than BCC and has a greater potential to metastasize, making early diagnosis crucial.
• Appearance: SCC often appears as a firm red nodule, a scaly patch, or a sore that doesn’t heal. It may be crusty, bleed easily, or have an ulcerated surface.
• Location: Like BCC, SCC frequently occurs on sun-exposed areas, including the face, ears, scalp, neck, hands, and arms. However, SCC can also develop on scars, chronic wounds, and in mucous membranes such as the lips or inside the mouth.
• Risk Factors: Risk factors for SCC are similar to those of BCC, including long-term sun exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburn, and a weakened immune system. Additionally, a history of skin injuries, chronic inflammatory skin conditions, and exposure to certain chemicals (such as arsenic) can increase the risk of SCC.
Key Differences Between BCC and SCC
While BCC and SCC share many risk factors, their behavior and potential complications differ. The main differences include:
1. Aggressiveness:
• BCC is typically slow-growing and rarely spreads beyond the original tumor site. SCC, on the other hand, has a greater potential to invade deeper tissues and metastasize to lymph nodes or other organs, especially if left untreated.
2. Appearance:
• BCC often appears as a pearly or shiny bump, while SCC is more likely to present as a scaly, red patch or sore. BCC lesions are often less aggressive in appearance but can still cause significant local damage over time.
3. Risk of Recurrence and Spread:
• BCC has a lower chance of spreading but a higher risk of recurrence, especially in patients who have had previous BCCs. SCC, although less likely to recur at the original site, carries a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body, particularly in aggressive or advanced cases.
4. Treatment Approach:
• Both BCC and SCC are typically treated with surgical removal. For BCC, treatment options include Mohs surgery (which has a high cure rate), excisional surgery, or non-surgical treatments like topical medications or radiation therapy. SCC often requires a more aggressive approach due to its potential to spread, and advanced cases may involve additional treatments like chemotherapy or targeted therapies.
Preventing BCC and SCC
Prevention of both BCC and SCC centers around protecting your skin from UV radiation. Here are some practical steps you can take:
• Sun Protection: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, and seek shade, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
• Avoid Tanning Beds: Artificial UV exposure from tanning beds significantly increases your risk of skin cancer.
• Regular Skin Checks: Perform monthly self-exams to check for any new or changing spots or lesions. Regular dermatologic screenings, especially if you have a history of skin cancer, are essential for early detection.
• MySkinDoc’s Role: At mySkinDoc, we offer video consultations, making it easy for you to get a professional opinion on any suspicious lesions without leaving the comfort of your home. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing both BCC and SCC effectively.
Treatment Options at mySkinDoc
If you have concerns about a skin lesion or need advice on skin cancer prevention, mySkinDoc is here to help. Our online dermatology clinic provides access to expert dermatologists who can assess your skin via video consultations and provide personalised advice or referral for in-person treatment if necessary. We prioritise early detection, and our streamlined process allows for quick and accurate diagnosis, helping you manage your skin health with ease.
Conclusion
Both Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma are common forms of non-melanoma skin cancer, but they differ significantly in their behaviour, appearance, and potential risks. Understanding these differences is essential for early detection and treatment, which is why regular skin checks and consultations with a dermatologist are critical.
At mySkinDoc, we’re committed to making skin health accessible and convenient for all. If you have concerns about a lesion or need a professional opinion, schedule a video consultation with us today for fast, expert advice from the comfort of your home.